但是如果我对在三个古代<敏感詞>持续不变的天文观测的发展过程中起作用的变化因素判断正确的话,这就意味着一些被人提出来的更流行、或至少是广为传播的思想是有严重缺陷的。对于探究是什么弥合了“大分裂”(the Great Divide, 指分隔近代科学出现前的文化与当今文化的鸿沟)的企图受到过于简单化的损害,或者过于简单地解释(什么是“分裂”),或者过于简单地对待所需的解释性因素。不但对待所谓科学革命时期的分析往往是肤浅的,对古代也是如此。
本文原题On the ‘Origins’of Science, 注意这里的“起源”是复数。原为作者1999年11月18日在英国学士院的演讲,英文刊登于Proceedings of the British Academy, 第105号(2000年), 1-16页。本刊向作者和英国学士院表示感谢,承蒙他们允许将原文翻译成中文介绍给广大中国读者。
[1] B. Tuckerman, Planetary, Lunar and Solar Positions, 601 B.C. to A.D. 1 (Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society 56) (Philadelphia, 1962) and Planetary, Lunar and Solar Positions, A.D. 2 to A.D. 1649 at 5 day and 10 day intervals (Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society 59) (Philadelphia, 1964).
* 译校者注:为读者进一步研究需要,原文的注脚和文献皆保持原样。
2 An honourable exception should be made of the work of S. C. Levinson's group, Cognitive Anthropology Research Group at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen.
** 译校者注:约鲁巴人和策尔塔人分别居住在西非尼日尔河下游和墨西哥东南部。
[3] See especially O. Neugebauer and A. Sachs, Mathematical Cuneiform Texts (American Oriental Series, 29) (New Haven, 1945) and O. Neugebauer, A History of Ancient Mathematical Astronomy, 3 vols. (Berlin, 1975).
[4] David Brown, Mesopotamian Planetary Astronomy-Astrology (Groningen, 2000). Among Francesca Rochberg's important studies are Aspects of Babylonian Celestial Divination (Archiv fur Orientforschung, Beiheft, 22) (Horn, Austria, 1988) and two forthcoming papers, 'Scribes and scholars: the tupsar Enuma Anu Enlil' and 'Empiricism in Babylonian omen texts and the classification of Mesopotamian divination as science.'
[5] E. Reiner and D. Pingree, Babylonian Planetary Omens, Part 1, the Venus Tablet of Ammisaduqa (Bibliotheca Mesopotamica, 2, 1) (Malibu, 1975).
[6] E. Reiner and D. Pingree, Babylonian Planetary Omens, Part 2, Enūma Anu Enlil Tablets 50-51 (Bibliotheca Mesopotamica, 2, 2) (Malibu, 1981), p.41.
[7] H. Hunger and D. Pingree, MUL. APIN. An Astronomical Compendium in Cuneiform (Archiv für Orientforschung, Beiheft 24) (Horn, Austria, 1989), p.115.
[8] S. Parpola, Letters from Assyrian and Babylonian Scholars (State Archives of Assyria, vol. 10) (Helsinki, 1993), p.54.
[9] S. Parpola, Letters from Assyrian Scholars to the Kings Esarhaddon and Assurbanipal. Part 1 Texts (Alter Orient und Altes Testament, 5, 1) (Neukirchen, 1970), p.29, cf. Part 2 Commentary and Appendices (Alter Orient und Altes Testament, 5, 2) (Neukirchen, 1983), pp.51-2.
[10] See J. Bottero, Mesopotamia: Writing, Reasoning and the Gods, trans. Z. Bahrani and M. Van de Mieroop (Chicago, 1992), ch. 9.
[11] See, for example, N. Sivin, 'Cosmos and Computation in early Chinese Mathematical Astronomy' (originally 1969) in Science in Ancient China: Researches and Reflections (Aldershot, 1995), and G. E. R. Lloyd, Adversaries and Authorities (Cambridge, 1996), and G. E. R. Lloyd and N. Sivin, The Way and the Word, forthcoming.
[12] See, for example, Xi Zezong and Bo Shuren, 'Ancient oriental records of novae and supernovae', Science, 154 (1966), 597-603, D. H. Clark and F. R. Stephenson, The Historical Supernovae (Oxford, 1977).
[13] Diogenes Laertius. Lives of Eminent Philosophers, ed, R. D. Hicks (1925), Vol.2, Book 8 chs. 86 ff.
[14] The classic text is Ptolemy, Tetrabiblos, trans F. E. Robbins (1940), Book 1, chs .1-3.
[15] See. G. E. R. Lloyd, 'Theories and practices of demonstration in Galen', in Rationality in Greek Thought, eds, M, Frede and G. Striker (Oxford,1996),ch 10,with references to earlier scholarship.
[16] These issues have been aired by J. Goody, The Domestication of the Savage Mind (Cambridge, 1977), cf. G. E. R. Lloyd, Magic Reason and Experience (Cambridge.1979),ch.4.作者: shdw 时间: 2010-4-27 13:03
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