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書籍上傳
| 封面: |
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| 簡介: |
Micro-Polynesia is the cultural center of the art form of tattooing. Although there was a period of almost complete absence of this art (colonialism until the mid-1900s), this is being revived in the contemporary era. An exception to this decline is found in New Zealand where the practice of tattooing womens’ chins maintained itself after the decline of the famous spiral, male moko facial tattoo. New features of tattooing, particularly in French Polynesia, incorporate designs and fresh placement upon the body not visible in this geographic area during the years of early contact. Today, one finds a melange of design and the new occurrence of facial tattooing in a region where this was absent in prehistory. Similarly, the revitalization of this dormant art form is linked to other forms of cultural renaissance, reflecting the way Polynesians are fighting to maintain their culture in the face of globalization.
French Polynesia has had a tumultuous political experience eginning in the 18th century when explorers first discovered the shores of Tahiti. While many former colonies of the world have experienced independence in the 20th century, French Polynesia remains an autonomous province of France. The native population resents this close association with France and new political movements have developed to counter French dependency and sovereignty in the region. Tourism has become the most important economic asset in the South Seas and the way to overcome economic dependence from France. Increased tourism has augmented indigenous markets and commodities sold as “authentic” souvenirs to visiting tourists. Tattooing has not only revived itself to reflect a desire for cultural autonomy and political independence, but also as a way to increase revenue in the island: it has become commodified. |
| 語言: |
英文 |
| 格式: |
pdf |
| 作者: |
Allan Hanson/ Jane Gibson/ Allan Redd |
| 目錄: |
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION, THEORETICAL APPROACHES AND
RESEARCH FORMAT. 1
CHAPTER TWO: HISTORICAL TATTOOING IN EAST AND OUTER
POLYNESIA: SOCIETY ISLANDS, MARQUESAS ISLANDS,
NEW ZEALAND, AND RAPANUI; SOCIAL STRATIFICATION
AND TATTOO TRENDS. 18
CHAPTER THREE: THE SHIFTING ECONOMIC AND ETHNIC LANDSCAPE OF
FRENCH POLYNESIA: COLONIALISM, NEOCOLONIALISM
AND CULTURAL RENAISSANCE (THE MAOHI MOVEMENT).
52
CHAPTER FOUR: CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN FRENCH POLYNESIA:
INVENTION OF TRADITION, AUTHENTICITY, TOURISM AND
THE CULTURE INDUSTRY. 87
CHAPTER FIVE: MODERN TATTOO TRENDS AND CONCLUSION. 110
BIBLIOGRAPHY: 124
QUESTIONAIRES AND CHARTS: 131
TATTOO EQUIPMENT: 150
MAPS: 153
PHOTOS: 158 |
波利尼西亚是纹身艺术形式的文化中心。尽管从 1900 年代中期开始的殖民时期没有这种艺术几近消失。但在当代，这种艺术正在复兴。
这种衰落的一个例外是在新西兰发现，在著名的螺旋形男性面部纹身（Moko）衰落之后，但女性下巴纹身的做法得以维持。
纹身的新特点，特别是在法属波利尼西亚，融合了设计和新鲜的身体位置，在早期接触的这些年里，在这个地理区域是看不到的。
今天，人们在史前时代不存在的地区发现了设计和面部纹身的新出现的混合体。
同样，这种休眠艺术形式的复兴与其他形式的文化复兴有关，反映了波利尼西亚人在全球化面前为保持文化而奋斗的方式。
法属波利尼西亚的政治经历始于 18 世纪，当时探险家首次发现了大溪地（Tahiti）海岸。
虽然世界上许多前殖民地在 20 世纪经历了独立，但法属波利尼西亚仍然是法国的一个自治省。
当地居民憎恨与法国的这种密切联系，新的政治运动俨然已在发展，以对抗法国在该地区的依赖和主权。
而旅游业已成为南部最重要的经济支柱，同时也是克服对法国经济依赖的途径。旅游业的增长扩大了土著市场，纹身也作为“正宗”的纪念品出售给来访游客的商品。纹身不仅恢复了对文化自治和政治独立的渴望，而且还作为增加岛上收入的一种方式：它已经被商品化了。
是一篇十分不错关于波利尼西亚的研究资料，分享给大家~
PDF全英电子版，小计195页，后有附彩色配图~
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发表于 2021-12-28 17:00:58
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